Moderate and recently improved. New laws have created a more direct PR pathway for international graduates of Russian universities, making it a more attractive option than in the past. The process is now less reliant on employer sponsorship hurdles.
The new RP-E system (effective from 2023) is the key advantage. Taking advantage of this new law is crucial. As with most non-English speaking countries, proficiency in the Russian language is essential for securing good employment and navigating the application process.